{"id":47301,"date":"2026-02-13T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/?p=47301"},"modified":"2026-02-15T15:33:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T15:33:01","slug":"storming-the-savoy-a-communist-history-of-the-blitz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/political-parties-and-ideologies\/history\/storming-the-savoy-a-communist-history-of-the-blitz\/","title":{"rendered":"Storming the Savoy: a communist history of the Blitz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"drop-cap-paragraph\">Today the Blitz is evoked as a moment of national unity, but at the time it exposed deep, class rifts in British society. Sitting underneath the \u2018Blitz spirit\u2019 mythology are nasty truths \u2013 such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2009\/sep\/03\/alexander-chancellor-wartime-evacuees\">widespread<\/a> neglect and abuse of working class evacuees, or the anger that attached to the <a href=\"https:\/\/archives.history.ac.uk\/history-in-focus\/War\/londonRation.html#:~:text=Meals%20eaten%20away%20from%20home,tea%20shops%20and%20Corner%20Houses.\">conspicuous consumption<\/a> of the rich while the poor experienced rationing and starvation. But nowhere was this more apparent than in the provision of air-raid shelter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Communist Party \u2013 drawing on their knowledge, and in some cases first-hand experiences,&nbsp; of <a href=\"https:\/\/tribunemag.co.uk\/2019\/04\/the-real-dads-army\">fascist bombing in Spain<\/a> \u2013 led the call for the government to build deep bomb-proof shelters. The call fell on deaf ears. The government, preparing to fight the last war, distributed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/8-objects-used-by-air-raid-wardens-during-the-blitz#:~:text=in%20response%20to,Second%20World%20War\">gas masks<\/a>, and prioritised digging shallow trench shelters in parks, which immediately filled with water, whilst providing corrugated \u2018Anderson shelters\u2019 for those with gardens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The minister of civil defence, Sir John Anderson (who gave his name to the aforementioned shelters), responded to the calls, <a href=\"https:\/\/api.parliament.uk\/historic-hansard\/commons\/1938\/dec\/21\/air-raid-shelters#:~:text=Apart%20from%20the,fall%20of%20debris.\">stating<\/a> \u2018I do not think we are prepared to adapt our whole civilisation, so as to compel a large proportion of our people to live and maintain the productive capacity in a troglodyte existence deep underground.\u2019 On government orders, Londoners were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.londonmuseum.org.uk\/collections\/london-stories\/londons-blitz-a-city-at-war\/#:~:text=At%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20war%2C%20officials%20banned%20people%20from%20using%20Tube%20stations%20as%20shelter.%20They%20wanted%20to%20keep%20trains%20running%2C%20and%20feared%20Londoners%20would%20become%20scared%20to%20leave%20the%20shelters.\">forbidden<\/a> from using underground stations for shelter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The elite\u2019s preparation for the war, meanwhile, exposed as a lie the notion that deep shelter was undesirable. The cabinet moved into purpose-built war rooms beneath the treasury, while London\u2019s best hotels \u2013 the Ritz, Dorchester and Savoy \u2013 turned their basements into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/travel\/2011\/oct\/30\/sex-politics-spying-londons-wartime-hotels\">five-star bunkers<\/a>. This latter move was part of high society\u2019s belief in \u2018lunching for England\u2019 \u2013 continuing to enjoy their lavish lifestyles in (imagined) defiance of Hitler. When the hotels began advertising these luxurious bunkers, the communists decided that something had to be done.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forcing open the shelters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On 14 September 1940 \u2013 a week into the bombing \u2013 an <a href=\"https:\/\/turbulentisles.com\/2017\/09\/14\/on-this-day-occupation-of-the-savoy-14th-september-1940\/\">initiative<\/a> was formed. Somewhere between 40 and 70 East Enders assembled, <a href=\"https:\/\/spitalfieldslife.com\/2018\/11\/07\/when-max-levitas-stormed-the-savoy-x\/\">comprising<\/a> dockers, pregnant women, homeless children, unemployed workers, rent strikers, veterans of Spain and of Cable Street. They were led by local organiser and future Communist MP Phil Piratin.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The group waited in Embankment Gardens for the air raid sirens to begin, at which point they produced banners and marched into the lobby of the Savoy, demanding entry into the hotel\u2019s shelter. \u2018We decided,\u2019 Piratin said, \u2018that what was good enough for the Savoy Hotel parasites was reasonably good enough for Stepney workers and their families.\u2019 The police were called but were quickly informed that any attempt to evict the protestors would be resisted, and eventually left. The protestors settled in for the night, asking the waiters for tea and bread and butter (for which they refused to pay anymore than they would in a Stepney cafe).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center rp-full-width rp-quote has-grey-color has-pale-1-background-color has-text-color has-background has-antonio-font-family\" style=\"padding-top:2%;padding-right:2%;padding-bottom:2%;padding-left:2%;font-size:clamp(1.743rem, 1.743rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.571), 3rem);\">\u2018We decided,\u2019 Piratin said, \u2018that what was good enough for the Savoy Hotel parasites was reasonably good enough for Stepney workers and their families.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the press stayed largely silent, the stunt galvanised the campaign for better air raid provisions. Days later thousands stormed the underground system, breaking open the gates and sweeping aside the police. Similar activity took place at various subterranean warehouses across London. These \u2018unofficial\u2019 shelters were quickly overwhelmed by Londoners seeking safety. \u2018Shelter committees\u2019 were elected to ensure health, safety, and general order. Many published \u2018shelter bulletins\u2019, and a London-wide shelter committee conference took place. The communist-aligned Unity Theatre group even began touring the shelters, offering light-hearted political satire (whose targets included landlords, war profiteers, and the government) alongside classic music-hall fare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the face of this widespread disobedience the government reversed its policy, formally opening the underground as a shelter, and quietly relieving John Anderson of his ministerial brief. Despite this, the spirit of self-organisation prevailed. To take just one example, The Fruit &amp; Wool Exchange shelter became known as \u2018Mickey\u2019s Shelter\u2019 after <a href=\"https:\/\/spitalfieldslife.com\/2012\/03\/06\/mickey-davis-at-the-fruit-wool-exchange\/\">Mickey Davies<\/a>, a 3ft 3in optometrist and organiser. When the government replaced him with an \u2018official\u2019 marshall, the shelterers successfully demanded his reinstatement. And this spirit prevailed at the war\u2019s end, which saw <a href=\"https:\/\/squattinglondon.wordpress.com\/2017\/07\/18\/the-1946-squatters\/#:~:text=It%20was%20after%20the%20Second%20World%20War%2C%20however%2C%20that%20squatting%20took%20place%20on%20an%20unprecedented%20scale%20%E2%80%98as%20a%20direct%2Daction%20movement%20against%20rising%20homelessness%20and%20the%20lack%20of%20social%20housing%20for%20veterans%20and%20their%20families%E2%80%99%20%28Vasudevan%202017%2C%20p44%29.\">systematic squatting<\/a> to provide shelter for those made homeless due to the bombing. These experiences fed into the post-war consensus that the government would have to ensure that everyone was housed, fed, and looked after.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lessons from the Savoy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In our era of compounding crises and state abandonment, there are a lot of lessons we can take from the Blitz, not least that governments failing to provide the necessities of life opens up space for struggle. We can also learn that direct action to secure those necessities can not only succeed, but prove popular and even radicalising. Indeed, the tactics of the Communist Party in this era \u2013 staying close to the people, taking action to meet unmet needs \u2013 should be of interest to the various emerging left party formations which seek to be something more than simply <a href=\"https:\/\/o4pp.org\/2025\/10\/22\/what-is-o4pp-interview-with-prometheus-journal\/\">electoral vehicles<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When I first read Piratin\u2019s account of the Savoy, my mind went to the climate crisis. After all, the rich are once again <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2022\/sep\/04\/super-rich-prepper-bunkers-apocalypse-survival-richest-rushkoff\">building bunkers<\/a> while telling us not to worry. Though on a different scale entirely, climate breakdown is something, like the Blitz, which the working class has not brought about, but is expected to endure \u2013 with little government support. Amid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.versobooks.com\/en-gb\/blogs\/news\/4605-green-socialism\">calls<\/a> to develop a \u2018socialist politics of adaptation\u2019 we might draw upon this underground stream of history to develop responses to issues like flooding, food insecurity, heatwaves and brutal coldsnaps. In the face of the myriad Blitzes we will face, we should ask ourselves: what do we need? And how can we take it?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During World War II, the Communist Party led efforts to secure shelter for ordinary Londoners amid the horrors of the Blitz. Fergus Lamb examines the impact and legacy of its success<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47307,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1977,2529,186],"tags":[3183],"class_list":["post-47301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-socialism","category-war","tag-fergus-lamb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Storming the Savoy: a communist history of the Blitz - Red Pepper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/political-parties-and-ideologies\/history\/storming-the-savoy-a-communist-history-of-the-blitz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Storming the Savoy: a communist history of the Blitz - Red Pepper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"During World War II, the Communist Party led efforts to secure shelter for ordinary Londoners amid the horrors of the Blitz. 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