{"id":45887,"date":"2025-07-18T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/?p=45887"},"modified":"2025-07-17T16:16:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T15:16:20","slug":"anglo-american-and-the-greenwashed-mineral-rush","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/environment-climate\/environmental-justice\/anglo-american-and-the-greenwashed-mineral-rush\/","title":{"rendered":"Anglo American and the greenwashed mineral rush"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"drop-cap-paragraph\">As the world\u2019s major powers scramble to secure access to so-called \u2018critical minerals\u2019, British mining companies sense an opportunity. Giants such as Anglo American are <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2025\/06\/anglo-americans-agm-2025-a-theatre-of-greenwashing-and-denial\/\">presenting themselves<\/a> as leaders in delivering the green transition, branding their massive expansions of mining activities as necessary for global decarbonisation. As it sells off the coal and diamond assets that helped make it a company <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/04\/25\/business\/bhp-anglo-american-takeover-copper.html\">worth<\/a> tens of billions, Anglo isrushing to expand copper and iron ore production under the guise of the energy transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet behind the green facade lies a long legacy of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/global-politics\/africa\/crude-injustice-in-the-niger-delta\/\">colonial dispossession<\/a> and racialised violence. Such dynamics remain a core part of Anglo American\u2019s business model, as the company <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrenofkabwe.com\/about-the-class-action#anglo-american-responsibility\">resists calls<\/a> for reparative justice and continues to force its extractivist activities onto working-class communities worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Growth through violence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Founded in 1917, Anglo American rapidly expanded to take control of South Africa\u2019s mining sector, and within 12 years had <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Anglo-American-timeline.pdf\">bought out<\/a> the mining empire De Beers, <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2016\/02\/londons-mining-history-from-colonialism-to-apartheid-why-rhodes-must-fall\/\">founded<\/a> by English colonist Cecil Rhodes. The company forged deep ties with the white supremacist, settler government, and was a driving force in industrialising the region at the cost of <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2023\/07\/anglo-american-apartheid\/\">starvation wages, racial discrimination and segregation<\/a> and the violent, sometimes deadly, suppression of labour organising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the formal legislation of apartheid in 1948, the company multiplied into an empire of <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Anglo-American-timeline.pdf\">over 150 companies<\/a>. By the fall of apartheid in 1994, its subsidiaries controlled more than half of <a href=\"https:\/\/dailyinvestor.com\/mining\/69772\/the-company-that-controlled-half-of-south-africa\/\">all private industry<\/a> in South Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anglo American\u2019s operating tactics are exemplified in their treatment of Kabwe, Zambia. From 1925 to 1974, it played a key role in controlling one of the world\u2019s biggest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrenofkabwe.com\/about-the-class-action#anglo-american-responsibility\">lead mines<\/a>, generating extreme levels of pollution and toxicity in Kabwe. Lead is a heavy metal that is toxic for humans to consume, particularly for children and pregnant women. In Kabwe, several generations have experienced lead poisoning through the ingestion of contaminated soil and dust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center rp-full-width rp-quote has-grey-color has-pale-1-background-color has-text-color has-background has-antonio-font-family\" style=\"padding-top:2%;padding-right:2%;padding-bottom:2%;padding-left:2%;font-size:clamp(1.743rem, 1.743rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 1.571), 3rem);\">For solidarity movements in the global north resisting militarisation, racist policing and imperialism, the struggle against the \u2018critical mineral\u2019 boom is inseparable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the mine\u2019s closure in 1994, the continued failure to clean up the mine\u2019s waste has left Kabwe known to this day as \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2017\/may\/28\/the-worlds-most-toxic-town-the-terrible-legacy-of-zambias-lead-mines\">the world\u2019s most toxic town<\/a>\u2019. In the worst affected towns over half of children under six have blood lead levels 18 times higher than the recognised threshold for humans, which can result in life-long, irreversible damage.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The community of Kabwe have fought back with a historic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrenofkabwe.com\/about-the-class-action#anglo-american-responsibility\">class action lawsuit<\/a> on behalf of 140,000 Zambian children and women of childbearing age. The claimants are <a href=\"https:\/\/actsa.org\/justice-for-the-mining-community-of-kabwe\/\">demanding compensation<\/a> for decades of lead poisoning, comprehensive blood level screening for the community, and the clean-up of the contaminated land. Anglo American have refused to engage with the demands, <a href=\"https:\/\/corporatejusticecoalition.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/CJC_CaseStudy_Zambia.pdf\">claiming they are not responsible<\/a> and pinning the blame on the state-owned operator that took over after it left the mine in 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lydia Moyo, a community advocate living in Kabwe who came to London in April 2025 to challenge Anglo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GHzV-gHEXm4&amp;t=1736s&amp;ab_channel=TheDecolonialCentre\">told the Decolonial Centre<\/a> that \u2018every day we are faced with this health risk\u2019, sharing that one of her younger children has \u2018been constantly affected by lead\u2019. She added \u2018we understand as a people of these hotspot areas of Kabwe that Anglo American is responsible,\u2019 but that corporate bosses \u2018want to bully their way out of this situation in Kabwe\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Greenwashing mega-mining<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As it sidesteps liability for making Kabwe one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/people-power\/2024\/3\/14\/the-sacrifice-zone\">world\u2019s worst sacrifice zones<\/a>, Anglo American is also positioning itself as a <a href=\"https:\/\/waronwant.org\/news-analysis\/climate-colonialism-anglo-americans-mining-expansion-chile-endangers-millions\">climate leader<\/a> in the global transition away from fossil fuels. This new PR move hides the fact that coal \u2013 the most carbon intensive fossil fuel \u2013 has been an <a href=\"https:\/\/southafrica.angloamerican.com\/~\/media\/Files\/A\/Anglo-American-Group\/South-Africa\/our-contribution\/transportation-report\/transformation-performance-report-2020.pdf\">\u2018integral\u2019<\/a> part of Anglo American operations for the past 80 years.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although it is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.angloamerican.com\/products\/steelmaking-coal\">third biggest exporter of steelmaking coal<\/a> worldwide \u2013&nbsp;and therefore a key driver of the climate crisis \u2013 the company in 2024 announced plans to divest coal assets as part of a wider restructure. The shift from thermal coal operations towards expanding copper and iron ore mining has been framed by the mining giant as playing \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/writtenevidence\/36435\/pdf\/\">its role responsibly in forging a more sustainable world<\/a>\u2019. Yet, these \u2018transition minerals\u2019 rely on the same extractive, ecologically violent model as lead or coal mining; weaponising the same colonial legacies that have allowed Anglo to dodge responsibility for the poisoning of Kabwe\u2019s soil and water.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In April 2025, Lydia visited London as part of a delegation of land defenders resisting Anglo American mining projects, convened by <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/\">London Mining Network<\/a>, to share their struggles at the corporation\u2019s AGM. There, Claudio Rojas, a member of<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/movimientonomasanglo\/?hl=en\">Movimiento No+ Anglo<\/a> in Chile, <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2025\/06\/anglo-americans-agm-2025-a-theatre-of-greenwashing-and-denial\/\">highlighted<\/a> that Anglo American\u2019s open-pit copper Los Broncos mine is driving <a href=\"https:\/\/waronwant.org\/news-analysis\/climate-colonialism-anglo-americans-mining-expansion-chile-endangers-millions\">irreversible destruction<\/a> of glaciers and <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/06\/chile-government-faces-backlash-after-u-turn-on-copper-mine\/\">jeopardizing water security<\/a> for Santiago\u2019s six million residents.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lucio Flores, president of the Regional Farmers Federation of Moquegua and Bladimir Martinez, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/muqui.org\/\">Red Muqui<\/a> national network, also visited London from Peru. <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2025\/06\/anglo-americans-agm-2025-a-theatre-of-greenwashing-and-denial\/\">They told us<\/a> how Anglo\u2019s rapid expansion of copper mining is compounding existing water scarcity problems, jeopardising local health, agriculture and indigenous ways of life. The \u2018future-smart\u2019 Quellaveco mine has, for example, led to heavy metals pollution in local rivers, with <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2023\/04\/latin-american-land-defenders-confront-anglo-american-in-london\/\">studies confirming the presence<\/a> of heavy metals in the blood of local children, echoing the harms of Anglo\u2019s Kabwe mine. If the reality of Anglo\u2019s \u2018sustainable\u2019 mining teaches us one thing, it is that a transition led by extractive, colonial mining giants will be neither just nor green.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An anti-imperialist movement rising<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The struggle against \u2018big mining\u2019 has implications for people far beyond sites of extraction. For solidarity movements in the global north resisting militarisation, racist policing and imperialism, the struggle against the \u2018critical mineral\u2019 boom is inseparable. Aluminium and titanium, for example, form the structural <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfa-oxford.com\/knowledge-and-insights\/critical-minerals-in-low-carbon-and-future-technologies\/uavs-drones-and-critical-minerals\/\">backbone of drones<\/a> used to gather information on protesters in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2025\/jun\/12\/predator-drone-los-angeles-protests\">ICE resistance in LA<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phosphate rock is used for phosphate chemical production, causing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2015\/12\/29\/is-help-on-the-way-for-tunisias-cancer-hotspot\">unprecedented cancer rates<\/a> in Gabes, Southern Tunisia, where a new green ammonia plant has just <a href=\"https:\/\/themaghrebtimes.com\/tunisia-launches-green-hydrogen-strategy-with-new-ammonia-plant-in-gabes\/\">been approved<\/a> in the face of growing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/stop_pollution_movement_gabes\/?hl=en\">resistance<\/a>. Rare earth elements are of <a href=\"http:\/\/defence-industry.eu\/rare-earth-elements-and-f-35-supply-chain\/\">\u2018vital importance\u2019<\/a> in the construction of F-35 planes, used to commit genocide in Gaza.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The UK government\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/uk-critical-mineral-strategy\/resilience-for-the-future-the-uks-critical-minerals-strategy\">critical minerals strategy<\/a> projects that by 2040, four times the amount of \u2018critical minerals\u2019 currently extracted globally will be required for clean energy technologies. This is fuel to mining company lobbyists&#8217; tactics, which include <a href=\"https:\/\/londonminingnetwork.org\/2024\/04\/rio-tinto-dialogue-of-death\/\">farcical claims <\/a>that as much copper needs to be extracted in the next 20 years as has been produced in the history of humanity. It is not the demands of decarbonisation and tackling fuel poverty driving these wild projections, but demand for <a href=\"https:\/\/waronwant.org\/news-analysis\/climate-colonialism-anglo-americans-mining-expansion-chile-endangers-millions\">electric SUVs<\/a> and energy intensive AI from the world\u2019s wealthiest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Huge mining expansions threaten to simply electrify a colonial and extractivist status quo. They will preserve the unsustainable consumption rates and ballooning military budgets of the wealthiest countries, while rendering more and more areas of the planet uninhabitable. Movements against imperialism, especially in the global north, must take the greenwashing of mineral mining seriously. As communities across the world unite to resist the escalating \u2018critical minerals\u2019 rush, our task is clear: dismantle the myth of \u2018green\u2019 mining and build powerful coalitions of solidarity against the mining giants fuelling planetary destruction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The British mining giant paints itself as a \u2018climate leader\u2019 but boasts a history of violent extraction. Activists from London Mining Network and We Smell Gas identify a critical target for anti-imperialist solidarity<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":45892,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1852,620,2535],"tags":[3093,3092],"class_list":["post-45887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colonialism-imperialism","category-corporations","category-environmental-justice","tag-london-mining-network","tag-we-smell-gas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anglo American and the greenwashed mineral rush - Red Pepper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"London Mining Network and We Smell Gas examine how Anglo American are greenwashing the company&#039;s violent, extraction and how to resist it\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/environment-climate\/environmental-justice\/anglo-american-and-the-greenwashed-mineral-rush\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anglo American and the greenwashed mineral rush - 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