{"id":43338,"date":"2024-06-10T15:06:27","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T14:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/?p=43338"},"modified":"2024-06-16T17:57:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T16:57:15","slug":"western-influence-and-online-resistance-in-the-global-battle-against-ghanas-anti-lgbtq-bill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/society\/lgbtqplus\/western-influence-and-online-resistance-in-the-global-battle-against-ghanas-anti-lgbtq-bill\/","title":{"rendered":"The global battle against Ghana\u2019s anti-LGBTQ+ bill"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Anti-LGBTQ+ laws targeting queer communities have been a long-standing human rights violation in Africa. For many African nations, the history of homophobia can be traced back to the colonial era, when these laws were imposed by British governments. Since the end of colonialism, many African countries have revised their anti-LGBTQ+ laws to further limit the rights of queer people in Africa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014<\/a>, Uganda passed the Anti-Homosexuality Act that criminalised same-sex relationships and included penalties for individuals, and companies or organisations that \u2018aid or abet same-sex sexual acts\u2019. Although this act was eventually ruled as invalid, Uganda passed a different Anti-Homosexuality Act in 2023<\/a>, which includes the death penalty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, the Nigerian government in 2022 considered a bill<\/a> that would penalise cross-dressing. Although cross dressing has been a popular modern comedic trope in Nigerian media, the consideration was to restrict the freedom of queer people, especially media personalities who have gained popularity regardless of the limitations set to control their freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, Ghana followed suit<\/a> in the pursuit for the expansion of its anti-LGBTQ+ law since the post-colonial era. Proposed under the Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bills, it was supported by the two major political parties in Ghana, The National Democratic Congress and The New Patriotic Party, and passed by Parliament on February 28, 2024. Ghana\u2019s sitting president, Nana Akufo-Addo is awaiting a Supreme Court ruling on its constitutionality before deciding if he can pass it into law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Western influence fuels homophobia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Like many other African countries, Ghana\u2019s first anti-homosexuality law was created during British rule, under the Offences Against the Person Act of 1861<\/a>. Following the end of colonialism, it was then criminalised in Section 104 of the Ghanaian Criminal Code of 1960, an after-effect of the colonial era. It criminalises gay-sex between men<\/a>, with a sentence of up to three years in prison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The introduction of western beliefs and religious practices was the beginning of the rejection of queer people in Africa. Several archival documents, such as Stephen O. Murray\u2019s book Boy Wives and Female Husbands<\/em><\/a>, reveals the existence of queer people in ancient Africa. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, there were no laws against homosexuality in Africa. Leah Buckle explains<\/a> that the loss of previous attitudes towards sexual orientation and gender identity in Africa stemmed from the spread of Christian values by the colonisers.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The introduction of western beliefs and religious practices was the beginning of the rejection of queer people in Africa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recently, the rise of conservatism in the west, particularly the US, has renewed the targeting of the LGBTQ+ community in Africa. A 2020 Open Democracy investigation<\/a> reveals that conservative Christian groups in the US have funded political decisions in Africa. The Ugandan associate, David Bahati of the Fellowship Foundation, for example, introduced Uganda\u2019s Kill the Gays bill in 2009. A continuous spread of extremist western religious propaganda against the LGBTQ+ community seeps into Africa\u2019s atmosphere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, anti-LGBTQ+ groups in Africa describe queerness as a western practice.\u2019’We know that homophobia was introduced to Africa through colonialism\u2019, Rev. Jide Macaulay, religious theologist and founder and CEO of House of Rainbow, told me, \u2018and we\u2019re seeing the impact of homophobia being promoted in religious spaces, through conservative and evangelical movements, which are mainly from the global north\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaking further on the impact of inherited western religious beliefs on homophobia, he described the continuous target on the LGBTQ+ community as a missed opportunity to show that religion is safe for everybody. ‘If your [religious house] is not welcoming to the LGBTQ+ community, it\u2019s not good for anyone.’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Global solidarity <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Social media has created some safer space for queer people in Africa to thrive. There, people share experiences and find communities, with African laws not yet criminalising online activity. Those spaces have contributed to a rise in liberal attitudes among younger generations that strung together queer people, allies and organisations such as Human Rights Watch<\/a>, that aim to tell the truth of queer existence in Africa. In May of 2021, when 21 LGBTQ+ activists in Ghana were arrested<\/a> for \u2018unlawful assembly\u2019, for example, online activism caused a global outcry that led to their release in August of the same year. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

These same platforms have been an important tool in the fight against Ghana\u2019s recent anti-LGBTQ+ law. Online organisations play a pivotal role in organising and publicising protests while serving as a centre for dissemination of unbiased and current information. Rightify Ghana<\/a>, a human rights organisation, together with the support of other organisations such as the Coalition for Queer Ghanaian Liberation<\/a> and LGBT+ Rights Ghana<\/a> have led online campaigns that initiated protests in multiple countries, including South Africa<\/a>, UK<\/a>, and Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Rightify Ghana believes that our collective voice can exert pressure on policymakers and inspire positive change in Ghana and beyond\u2019, Solomon Atsuvia, the program officer of Rightify Ghana, told me. Acknowledging the broad and oppressive provisions of the bill, Atsuvia described it as \u2018a dangerous regression in the fight for LGBTQ+ rights in Africa\u2019 that undermines the principles of democracy and equality. \u2018The passage of this draconian law represents a significant setback for human rights and democracy in Ghana,\u2019 he explained, \u2018and global solidarity is essential in challenging its legitimacy\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018The passage of this draconian law represents a significant setback for human rights and democracy in Ghana \u2013 and global solidarity is essential in challenging its legitimacy\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The call for global solidarity is especially important at this time as Ghana\u2019s latest anti-LGBTQ+ bill threatens the safety of the media for Ghana\u2019s queer populace. Described as the most restrictive anti-LGBTQ+ bill in African history, the bill\u2019s remit extends online, targeting not just the LGBTQ+ community, but also allies, individuals and organisations that support it. For many queer people and activists in Ghana, the passage of this bill could mean a severance from the rest of the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Awo Dufie, a queer researcher and activist, told me why this could make activism in Ghana more difficult, explaining that the fight against queerphobia in Africa will only be won if queer people remain the face of the movements.  \u2018A lot of queer people in Africa are doing underground work, and that gives me a lot of hope\u2019 she explained, emphasising on the importance of funding these LGBTQ+ organisations. \u2018A lot of the time, it\u2019s very difficult to get access to support.\u2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a modern, technological world, media and online activism have given a voice to the marginalised queer African community. As African governments expand their laws to ensure that access to freedom for the LGBTQ+ community is blocked in all corners, however, it is unsure what the future holds for queer people across the continent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As states across Africa threaten LGBTQ+ communities, Chiamaka Muoneke reports on the colonial roots of homophobic laws \u2013\u00a0and the digital activism fuelling resistance<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":43341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[278,199],"tags":[2905],"class_list":["post-43338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-lgbtqplus","tag-chiamaka-muoneke"],"yoast_head":"\nThe global battle against Ghana\u2019s anti-LGBTQ+ bill - Red Pepper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As a new law in Ghana threatens LGBTQ+ communities, we trace the colonial roots of homophobia and the digital activism fuelling resistance\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/society\/lgbtqplus\/western-influence-and-online-resistance-in-the-global-battle-against-ghanas-anti-lgbtq-bill\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The global battle against Ghana\u2019s anti-LGBTQ+ bill - 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