{"id":32122,"date":"2022-02-15T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T08:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/?p=32122"},"modified":"2025-06-13T11:19:35","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T10:19:35","slug":"can-borics-government-end-chiles-mapuche-conflict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/law-police-justice\/human-rights\/can-borics-government-end-chiles-mapuche-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"Can Boric\u2019s government end Chile\u2019s Mapuche conflict?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On 21 January, Chile\u2019s new president Gabriel Boric <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/21\/chile-gabriel-boric-cabinet-majority-women\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unveiled<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> his much anticipated cabinet of ministers. To the delight of Chile\u2019s strong contingent of feminist activists, over half of his appointments went to women. Emblematic doctor-turned-politician <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/collection\/time100-next-2021\/5937736\/izkia-siches-pasten\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Izkia Siches<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 35, was appointed Minster of the Interior; Maya Fernandez Allende, the granddaughter of deposed socialist President Salvador Allende, Minister of Defence; prominent student leader and communist <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-latin-america-26525140\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Camila Vallejo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will become general secretary; and Julieta Brodsky, anthropologist from the University of Granada, Culture Minister.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the line-up breaks from tradition with a young, female heavy cabinet that also includes openly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.losangelesblade.com\/2022\/01\/21\/two-lgbtq-people-named-to-chilean-president-elects-cabinet\/\">gay member<\/a>s, there is a glaring lack of indigenous representation. Despite people of indigenous Mapuche origin making up around <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-latin-america-55042838\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12 per cent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the Chilean population, they are absent from Chile\u2019s political and socio-economic institutions. Chile is currently the only Latin American country that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/16\/world\/americas\/chile-mapuche-constitution.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">does not recognise<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> indigenous people in its constitution. Whilst the new body rewriting the constitution does have Mapuche representation, this is a short-lived venture. Once the constitutional process is over that body will cease to exist and these groups will remain voiceless.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atus Mariqueo Russell, press officer for UK-based NGO <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapuche-nation.org\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapuche International Link<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, told <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Red Pepper<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u2018It is vital that Boric does not bargain away his campaign commitments to indigenous people. Boric could be the President to begin a process of reconciliation within Chile by demilitarising Mapuche territories and restoring stolen lands. However, the lack of indigenous representation in his cabinet is a worrying sign that his commitment to Chile\u2019s indigenous population may well be superficial.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical conflict<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During Boric\u2019s presidential campaign in December 2021, he visited the site of conflict in Chile\u2019s Southern region, Araucan\u00eda or Wallmapu, the ancestral lands that the Mapuche lay claim to. He <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2021\/10\/17\/boric-desde-la-araucania-frente-a-las-legitimas-reivindicaciones-del-pueblo-nacion-mapuche-dialogo-dialogo-y-mas-dialogo\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">told<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the Chilean press that \u2018militarisation is the wrong path. We must seek dialogue within a historical perspective. This conflict won\u2019t be solved within the remit of \u201cpublic order\u201d, we must restore confidence and talk about the territorial restoration of the Mapuche Nation.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapuche organisation <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coordinadora Arauco Malleco<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> released a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elperiodista.cl\/2021\/12\/cam-radicaliza-su-discurso-frente-al-gobierno-de-gabriel-boric-y-reivindica-la-violencia-politica\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">statement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in response stating that the Chilean state \u2018ignores that as Mapuche people we maintain independence and sovereignty over our ancestral territory, to such a degree that the colonial and republican structures were kept out of our lives for several centuries [\u2026]&nbsp;The only way that the Winka (non-Mapuche) could take over our territory was via dispossession, deception, racism and militarisation. Phenomena that are being repeated today.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While prominent Mapuche leaders such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisca_Linconao\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Francisca Linconao<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and America Millaray Painamal are currently involved in the new constitutional body, and Luz Vidal Huriqueo has been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/el-mundo\/de-empleada-domestica-a-subsecretaria-de-la-mujer-boric-nombro-a-una-dirigente-mapuche-nid01022022\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">appointed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> sub-secretary to the women and gender parity ministry, autonomist Mapuche activists have another position.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Richard Curinao Pallaleo, editor of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/info_werken?lang=en\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Werken Noticias<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a Mapuche independent media outlet, told <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Red Pepper,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2018Like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapuche-nation.org\/english\/html\/news\/n-114.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matias Catrileo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> stated, we are a separate people and therefore we will never see ourselves as part of a Chilean government or state. What we seek is autonomy for our nation \u2026 and that Chile respects the treaties it has signed. We want our ancestral lands back. We want Wallmapu back, we want extractivist companies and big capital off our land and that this territory is returned to the Mapuche nation.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Militarisation and repression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Far away from the buzz of Santiago and the glamour of the incoming administration, thousands of troops deployed by outgoing president Pi\u00f1era remain parked in Araucan\u00eda. Since their<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/americas\/20211013-chile-president-declares-state-of-emergency-over-mapuche-conflict\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> deployment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on 12 October 2019, at the behest of local <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/glorianaveillan\/status\/1478332364992434193\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">business<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> representatives and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-chile-mapuche-violence-strike-idUSKBN25N21D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">truck drivers\u2019 unions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (who claim they are targets of Mapuche \u2018terrorism\u2019), the security forces have set up roadblocks and have been accused of arbitrarily <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/towardfreedom.org\/story\/archives\/americas\/west-complicit-in-arming-chile-to-violate-mapuche-rights\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">arresting<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> indigenous people and evicting Mapuche families from ancestral lands.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the ongoing conflict, a number of serious incidents have been reported by Mapuche independent media. In October 2019,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pablo Marchant<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an anthropology student who abandoned his studies to join the Mapuche struggle far away from his home in Tome, central Chile, was killed during a land recovery action on land taken over by the Mininco Forestry company. Initial reports stated that he had been armed and constituted a threat. However, his mother Miriam Gutierrez, unconvinced by police versions of the incident, pressed for an autopsy that confirmed he was shot in the back of the head while kneeling on the floor, by a policeman still serving in the region. There has been no formal investigation to date.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of similar cases is endless. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TM3zthG6-JI\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yordan Llempi Machacan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 23, was shot dead by security forces near a roadblock in Canete in November 2019 when government forces opened fire on a group of Mapuche villagers. Independent Mapuche <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/werken.cl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">media<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is awash with evidence of intimidation with helicopters, drones and stop and search, as well as the intimidation of elders and spiritual leaders. However, there is little reaction from the government in Santiago or reprisals for those who commit these abuses.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A peaceful path forward?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The issue of the state of emergency in the Araucan\u00eda region and the management of the now centuries-old conflict is extremely contentious. Powerful groups in the region &#8211; such as the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-08-27\/truckers-strike-block-roads-in-chile-to-protest-arson-attacks\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Truckers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2019 Federation, lumber companies and APRA (ironically named Association for Peace in Araucan\u00eda) &#8211; that have been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/peoplesdispatch.org\/2020\/08\/06\/right-wing-violence-against-mapuche-people-in-chile-widely-condemned\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">implicated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in violent racist evictions have been lobbying fiercely, claiming that Mapuche terrorism is on the rise and that a sustained military presence is the solution.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Boric\u2019s position, however, is the opposite. Recent statements suggest he will demilitarise the region and open dialogue \u2018for all those who are for a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/agriculturafm\/status\/1485566474127302657\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">peaceful path forward<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u2019\u00a0 Pallaleo told <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Red Pepper <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">that while he welcomes the prospect of new dialogue, old administrations have failed to prioritise the real problems faced by our communities.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dialogue with Mapuche communities, and implementation of policy to tackle the rampant poverty and inequality that afflict them, is imperative if Boric\u2019s administration is serious about tackling human rights abuses against indigenous communities and challenging racist narratives rampant in mainstream Chilean culture. This must include standing up to oligarchs whose interests lie in lucrative forestry industries. Whether Boric will have the political and moral will to do so remains to be seen.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The president-elect\u2019s new cabinet lacks indigenous representation. Will his government also ignore Mapuche demands? Carole Concha Bell reports<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":32127,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[562,145],"tags":[2688],"class_list":["post-32122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-rights","category-latin-america","tag-carole-concha-bell"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can Boric\u2019s government end Chile\u2019s Mapuche conflict? - Red Pepper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carole Concha Bell reports how Boric&#039;s cabinet lacks indigenous representation, and asks if his government will also ignore Mapuche demands?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redpepper.org.uk\/law-police-justice\/human-rights\/can-borics-government-end-chiles-mapuche-conflict\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can Boric\u2019s government end Chile\u2019s Mapuche conflict? 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